Malus domestica

Typical apple proliferation symptom of witches'-broom resulting from suppression of apical dominance

Many dead, shriveled flowers and young shoots. It differs from fire blight, with infections being re

Water-soaked blister spots on leaves of blighted twig.

Fruit with water-soaked spots.

Canker on trunk oozing fire blight bacteria.

Severe infection of apple with dying twigs and branches.

Spring form of the adult black-veined psyllid, Cacopsylla melanoneura, a vector of apple proliferati

Crown gall (left) and hairy root (right) caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes, resp

Crown gall of apple.