DISEASE: Alfalfa dwarf
HOST: Alfalfa
Alfalfa dwarf is characterized by stunted plants (left), usually dark blue-green in color. Xylem tissues become brown, especially when exposed to air.

Alfalfa dwarf | Alfalfa
DISEASE: Alfalfa dwarf
HOST: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
PATHOGEN: Xylella fastidiosa
SOURCE: R. M. Davis
DISEASE: Periwinkle wilt
HOST: Periwinkle
Infected plants with stunting and sparse foliage (center and right).

Periwinkle wilt | Periwinkle
DISEASE: Periwinkle wilt
HOST: Periwinkle (Vinca sp.)
PATHOGEN: Xylella fastidiosa
SOURCE: R. McCoy, M. Davis
DISEASE: Periwinkle wilt
HOST: Periwinkle
Draeculacephala minerva, leafhopper vector of Xylella fastidiosa on plants such as periwinkle and watercress.

Periwinkle wilt | Periwinkle
DISEASE: Periwinkle wilt
HOST: Periwinkle (Vinca sp.)
PATHOGEN: Xylella fastidiosa
SOURCE: J. Clark, A. Purcell, M. Davis
DISEASE: Shallow bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Diseased, discolored tissues revealed by removing external bark.

Shallow bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Shallow bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia 'Hartley')
PATHOGEN: Brenneria nigrifluens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia nigrifluens
SOURCE: B. Teviotdale
DISEASE: Shallow bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Trunk with brown exudate shallow cankers.

Shallow bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Shallow bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia 'Hartley')
PATHOGEN: Brenneria nigrifluens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia nigrifluens
SOURCE: B. Teviotdale