DISEASE: Bacterial leaf spot (Bacterial necrosis)
HOST: Cassava
Cassava with yellowish leaves and water-soaked, angular spots. The disease is primarily on foliage, although the pathogen may invade stem buds and young branches.

Bacterial leaf spot (Bacterial necrosis) | Cassava
DISEASE: Bacterial leaf spot (Bacterial necrosis)
HOST: Cassava (Manihot esculenta)
PATHOGEN: Xanthomonas cassavae
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Xanthomonas campestris pv. cassavae
SOURCE: APS
DISEASE: Bacterial leaf spot (Bacterial necrosis)
HOST: Cassava
Cassava with brownish lesions and blackish edges. Leaves turn yellow with multiple infection sites.

Bacterial leaf spot (Bacterial necrosis) | Cassava
DISEASE: Bacterial leaf spot (Bacterial necrosis)
HOST: Cassava (Manihot esculenta)
PATHOGEN: Xanthomonas cassavae
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Xanthomonas campestris pv. cassavae
SOURCE: H. Maraite, A. Alvarez
DISEASE: Citrus stubborn disease
HOST: Citrus (sp. unknown)
Characteristic symptoms of thickened peel at peduncle end and aborted seeds.

Citrus stubborn disease | Citrus (sp. unknown)
DISEASE: Citrus stubborn disease
HOST: Citrus (sp. unknown) (Citrus sp.)
PATHOGEN: Spiroplasma citri
SOURCE: APS
DISEASE: Citrus stubborn disease
HOST: Citrus (Orange)
Severely stunted sweet orange tree. Foliage is dense and abnormally upright. Leaves may be cupped and unusually thick. They also may be chlorotic and mottled.

Citrus stubborn disease | Citrus (Orange)
DISEASE: Citrus stubborn disease
HOST: Citrus (Orange) (Citrus sinensis)
PATHOGEN: Spiroplasma citri
SOURCE: S. M. Garnsey
DISEASE: Citrus stubborn disease
HOST: Citrus (Orange)
Fruit from a diseased tree are frequently lopsided or acorn-shaped, usually few and small. They may not color at stem end.

Citrus stubborn disease | Citrus (Orange)
DISEASE: Citrus stubborn disease
HOST: Citrus (Orange) (Citrus sinensis)
PATHOGEN: Spiroplasma citri
SOURCE: J. M. Bove, M. Garnier
DISEASE: Citrus stubborn disease
HOST: Citrus (Orange)
Sweet orange exhibiting off-season flowering and crop heterogeneity. Diseased trees generally have shoots with shortened internodes, which lead to rosettes with cupped leaves.

Citrus stubborn disease | Citrus (Orange)
DISEASE: Citrus stubborn disease
HOST: Citrus (Orange) (Citrus sinensis)
PATHOGEN: Spiroplasma citri
SOURCE: J. M. Bove, M. Garnier
DISEASE: Strawberry lethal decline
HOST: Strawberry
Diseased plant with bronzing of older leaves and upward rolling or cupping of younger leaves. Leaves are chlorotic on upper surfaces and reddish or purplish on lower surfaces. In time, the entire plant dies.

Strawberry lethal decline | Strawberry
DISEASE: Strawberry lethal decline
HOST: Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)
PATHOGEN: 'Candidatus Phytoplasma' sp.
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Phytoplasma (undefined)
SOURCE: H. Schwartz