DISEASE: Rugose leaf curl
HOST: Clover
Two rugose, distorted white clover leaves and a healthy leaf. Rugose leaf curl is caused by an unidentified phloem-infecting bacterium.

Rugose leaf curl | Clover
DISEASE: Rugose leaf curl
HOST: Clover (Trifolium repens)
PATHOGEN: Phloem-infecting bacterium
SOURCE: D. Teakle
DISEASE: Shallow bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Diseased, discolored tissues revealed by removing external bark.

Shallow bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Shallow bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia 'Hartley')
PATHOGEN: Brenneria nigrifluens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia nigrifluens
SOURCE: B. Teviotdale
DISEASE: Shallow bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Trunk with brown exudate shallow cankers.

Shallow bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Shallow bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia 'Hartley')
PATHOGEN: Brenneria nigrifluens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia nigrifluens
SOURCE: B. Teviotdale
DISEASE: Shallow bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Multiple cankers with brown exudate. Cankers on trunk are shallow.

Shallow bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Shallow bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia 'Hartley')
PATHOGEN: Brenneria nigrifluens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia nigrifluens
SOURCE: B. Teviotdale
DISEASE: X-disease (Western X) or buckskin
HOST: Cherry
Comparison of normal, dark cherries (in hand) with infected, immature cherries with less pigmentation.

X-disease (Western X) or buckskin | Cherry
DISEASE: X-disease (Western X) or buckskin
HOST: Cherry (Prunus avium)
PATHOGEN: 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni'
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Phytoplasma X-disease group
SOURCE: A. Purcell, M. Davis
DISEASE: X-disease (Western X) or buckskin
HOST: Cherry
Healthy cherry shoot (left) and stunted shoot (right).

X-disease (Western X) or buckskin | Cherry
DISEASE: X-disease (Western X) or buckskin
HOST: Cherry (Prunus avium)
PATHOGEN: 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni'
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Phytoplasma X-disease group
SOURCE: S. Thomson
DISEASE: X-disease (Western X) or buckskin
HOST: Cherry
Infected trees on 'Mazzard' rootstock (right) may live for years, producing fruit with symptoms. Trees on 'Mahaleb' rootstock (left) usually die rapidly in year of infection, about time of fruit ripening.

X-disease (Western X) or buckskin | Cherry
DISEASE: X-disease (Western X) or buckskin
HOST: Cherry (Prunus avium)
PATHOGEN: 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni'
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Phytoplasma X-disease group
SOURCE: S. Thomson
DISEASE: X-disease (Western X) or buckskin
HOST: Cherry
X-disease causes undersized, yellowish fruit. Diseased branches turn rusty red near end of season. Some defoliation occurs on diseased branches.

X-disease (Western X) or buckskin | Cherry
DISEASE: X-disease (Western X) or buckskin
HOST: Cherry (Prunus cerasus)
PATHOGEN: 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni'
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Phytoplasma X-disease group
SOURCE: A. Jones