DISEASE: Brittle root
HOST: Horseradish
Dying, stunted, yellow to brown horseradish plants.

Brittle root | Horseradish
DISEASE: Brittle root
HOST: Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
PATHOGEN: Spiroplasma citri
SOURCE: C. Eastman, M. Davis
DISEASE: Brittle root
HOST: Horseradish
Close-up of stunted, yellow horseradish plants.

Brittle root | Horseradish
DISEASE: Brittle root
HOST: Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
PATHOGEN: Spiroplasma citri
SOURCE: D. Sherrod
DISEASE: Brittle root
HOST: Horseradish
Horseradish with discolored internal tissues. Healthy root segment (top right).

Brittle root | Horseradish
DISEASE: Brittle root
HOST: Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
PATHOGEN: Spiroplasma citri
SOURCE: J. Fletcher, M. Davis
DISEASE: Shallow bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Diseased, discolored tissues revealed by removing external bark.

Shallow bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Shallow bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia 'Hartley')
PATHOGEN: Brenneria nigrifluens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia nigrifluens
SOURCE: B. Teviotdale
DISEASE: Shallow bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Trunk with brown exudate shallow cankers.

Shallow bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Shallow bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia 'Hartley')
PATHOGEN: Brenneria nigrifluens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia nigrifluens
SOURCE: B. Teviotdale
DISEASE: Shallow bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Multiple cankers with brown exudate. Cankers on trunk are shallow.

Shallow bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Shallow bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia 'Hartley')
PATHOGEN: Brenneria nigrifluens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia nigrifluens
SOURCE: B. Teviotdale
DISEASE: X-disease (Western X) or buckskin
HOST: Cherry
Comparison of normal, dark cherries (in hand) with infected, immature cherries with less pigmentation.

X-disease (Western X) or buckskin | Cherry
DISEASE: X-disease (Western X) or buckskin
HOST: Cherry (Prunus avium)
PATHOGEN: 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni'
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Phytoplasma X-disease group
SOURCE: A. Purcell, M. Davis
DISEASE: X-disease (Western X) or buckskin
HOST: Cherry
Healthy cherry shoot (left) and stunted shoot (right).

X-disease (Western X) or buckskin | Cherry
DISEASE: X-disease (Western X) or buckskin
HOST: Cherry (Prunus avium)
PATHOGEN: 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni'
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Phytoplasma X-disease group
SOURCE: S. Thomson
DISEASE: X-disease (Western X) or buckskin
HOST: Cherry
Infected trees on 'Mazzard' rootstock (right) may live for years, producing fruit with symptoms. Trees on 'Mahaleb' rootstock (left) usually die rapidly in year of infection, about time of fruit ripening.

X-disease (Western X) or buckskin | Cherry
DISEASE: X-disease (Western X) or buckskin
HOST: Cherry (Prunus avium)
PATHOGEN: 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni'
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Phytoplasma X-disease group
SOURCE: S. Thomson