DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Reddish brown exudate flowing from longitudinal cracks in the trunk. Cankers are deep extending into wood.

Deep bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia 'Hartley')
PATHOGEN: Brenneria rubrifaciens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia rubrifaciens
SOURCE: B. Teviotdale
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Reddish brown exudate flowing from cracks in trunk, a result of systemic invasion by the bacterium.

Deep bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia 'Hartley')
PATHOGEN: Brenneria rubrifaciens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia rubrifaciens
SOURCE: B. Teviotdale
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Pits in the wood and black streaks in inner bark are key diagnostic symptoms.

Deep bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia)
PATHOGEN: Brenneria rubrifaciens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia rubrifaciens
SOURCE: N. Schaad, M. Schroth
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Removal of bark revealed pitted vascular tissues.

Deep bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia 'Hartley')
PATHOGEN: Brenneria rubrifaciens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia rubrifaciens
SOURCE: N. Schaad
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Dead limbs are characteristic of advanced stage of disease.

Deep bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia 'Hartley')
PATHOGEN: Brenneria rubrifaciens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia rubrifaciens
SOURCE: N. Schaad
DISEASE: European stone fruit yellows
HOST: Almond
The disease causes yellowing and rolling of leaves (right). Leaves become thick and rough in texture. Healthy leaves (left).

European stone fruit yellows | Almond
DISEASE: European stone fruit yellows
HOST: Almond (Prunus dulcis)
PATHOGEN: 'Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum'
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Phytoplasma Apple proliferation group
SOURCE: E. Seemueller
DISEASE: X-disease (Eastern X)
HOST: Chokecherry
Shot-hole stage of X-disease.

X-disease (Eastern X) | Chokecherry
DISEASE: X-disease (Eastern X)
HOST: Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana)
PATHOGEN: 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni'
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Phytoplasma X-disease group
SOURCE: W. Sinclair
DISEASE: X-disease (Eastern X)
HOST: Chokecherry
X-disease causes rosettes and premature loss of leaves.

X-disease (Eastern X) | Chokecherry
DISEASE: X-disease (Eastern X)
HOST: Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana)
PATHOGEN: 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni'
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Phytoplasma X-disease group
SOURCE: W. Sinclair
DISEASE: X-disease (Eastern X)
HOST: Chokecherry
Chokecherry with stunted shoots, red leaves, and rosettes.

X-disease (Eastern X) | Chokecherry
DISEASE: X-disease (Eastern X)
HOST: Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana)
PATHOGEN: 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni'
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Phytoplasma X-disease group
SOURCE: W. Sinclair