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RESULTS

(32)

DISEASE: Bacterial seedling blight

HOST: Rice

Basal chlorosis and withering of second and third leaves. Seedlings become reddish brown with a dry appearance over time. Root growth is retarded and seedlings easily lodge.

DISEASE: Bacterial wilt

HOST: Ginger

Blackening of pith and cortex of rhizome.

DISEASE: Bacterial wilt

HOST: Ginger

Field of wilted ginger plants.

DISEASE: Bacterial wilt

HOST: Ginger

Ginger plants with yellowing, marginal necrosis, and downward curling of infected leaves, in contrast to darker, fully expanded healthy leaves.

DISEASE: Bacterial wilt

HOST: Ginger

Cupping and leaf necrosis precedes wilt and death of plants.

DISEASE: Bacterial wilt

HOST: Ginger

Typical symptoms of bacterial wilt in ginger plantations, Kerala, India.

DISEASE: Grain rot

HOST: Rice

Close-up of diseased grain. Infected portions of lemma and palea are purplish to dark brown.

DISEASE: Grain rot

HOST: Rice

Discolored and withered hulls of infected panicles. A brown margin between the infected and healthy parts of the grain is a diagnostic feature.

DISEASE: Halo blight

HOST: Rice

Leaves with yellowish brown lesions, 2 to 10 mm in diameter. Lesions are surrounded by distinct halos. Later, brown spots or stripes may develop in the center.