DISEASE: Bacterial leaf spot (Bacterial necrosis)
HOST: Cassava
Cassava with yellowish leaves and water-soaked, angular spots. The disease is primarily on foliage, although the pathogen may invade stem buds and young branches.

Bacterial leaf spot (Bacterial necrosis) | Cassava
DISEASE: Bacterial leaf spot (Bacterial necrosis)
HOST: Cassava (Manihot esculenta)
PATHOGEN: Xanthomonas cassavae
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Xanthomonas campestris pv. cassavae
SOURCE: APS
DISEASE: Bacterial leaf spot (Bacterial necrosis)
HOST: Cassava
Cassava with brownish lesions and blackish edges. Leaves turn yellow with multiple infection sites.

Bacterial leaf spot (Bacterial necrosis) | Cassava
DISEASE: Bacterial leaf spot (Bacterial necrosis)
HOST: Cassava (Manihot esculenta)
PATHOGEN: Xanthomonas cassavae
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Xanthomonas campestris pv. cassavae
SOURCE: H. Maraite, A. Alvarez
DISEASE: Bacterial wilt and dieback
HOST: Willow
Cross sections of the characteristic "watermark stain" of diseased wood. Wilt and dieback occur as disease progresses.

Bacterial wilt and dieback | Willow
DISEASE: Bacterial wilt and dieback
HOST: Willow (Salix sp.)
PATHOGEN: Brenneria salicis
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia salicis
SOURCE: Y. Sakamoto, M. Goto
DISEASE: Bacterial wilt and dieback
HOST: Willow
Severely diseased tree with dieback symptoms.

Bacterial wilt and dieback | Willow
DISEASE: Bacterial wilt and dieback
HOST: Willow (Salix sp.)
PATHOGEN: Brenneria salicis
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia salicis
SOURCE: Y. Sakamoto, M. Goto
DISEASE: Brittle root
HOST: Horseradish
Dying, stunted, yellow to brown horseradish plants.

Brittle root | Horseradish
DISEASE: Brittle root
HOST: Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
PATHOGEN: Spiroplasma citri
SOURCE: C. Eastman, M. Davis
DISEASE: Brittle root
HOST: Horseradish
Close-up of stunted, yellow horseradish plants.

Brittle root | Horseradish
DISEASE: Brittle root
HOST: Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
PATHOGEN: Spiroplasma citri
SOURCE: D. Sherrod
DISEASE: Brittle root
HOST: Horseradish
Horseradish with discolored internal tissues. Healthy root segment (top right).

Brittle root | Horseradish
DISEASE: Brittle root
HOST: Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
PATHOGEN: Spiroplasma citri
SOURCE: J. Fletcher, M. Davis
DISEASE: Citrus stubborn disease
HOST: Citrus (sp. unknown)
Characteristic symptoms of thickened peel at peduncle end and aborted seeds.

Citrus stubborn disease | Citrus (sp. unknown)
DISEASE: Citrus stubborn disease
HOST: Citrus (sp. unknown) (Citrus sp.)
PATHOGEN: Spiroplasma citri
SOURCE: APS
DISEASE: Citrus stubborn disease
HOST: Citrus (Orange)
Severely stunted sweet orange tree. Foliage is dense and abnormally upright. Leaves may be cupped and unusually thick. They also may be chlorotic and mottled.

Citrus stubborn disease | Citrus (Orange)
DISEASE: Citrus stubborn disease
HOST: Citrus (Orange) (Citrus sinensis)
PATHOGEN: Spiroplasma citri
SOURCE: S. M. Garnsey