DISEASE: Crown gall
HOST: Grape
Grape with multiple galls on trunk resulting from systemic infection.

Crown gall | Grape
DISEASE: Crown gall
HOST: Grape (Vitis vinifera)
PATHOGEN: Agrobacterium vitis
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Rhizobium vitus
SOURCE: H. Sawada, M. Goto
DISEASE: Crown gall
HOST: Grape
Multiple small galls on trunk of systemically infected grape.

Crown gall | Grape
DISEASE: Crown gall
HOST: Grape (Vitis vinifera)
PATHOGEN: Agrobacterium vitis
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Rhizobium vitus
SOURCE: D. Gabriel
DISEASE: Crown gall
HOST: Grape
Gall on base of 'Zinfandel' grape in California, where aerial galls are less common because of dry, hot weather.

Crown gall | Grape
DISEASE: Crown gall
HOST: Grape (Vitis vinifera 'Zinfandel')
PATHOGEN: Agrobacterium vitis
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Rhizobium vitus
SOURCE: M. Schroth
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Reddish brown exudate flowing from longitudinal cracks in the trunk. Cankers are deep extending into wood.

Deep bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia 'Hartley')
PATHOGEN: Brenneria rubrifaciens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia rubrifaciens
SOURCE: B. Teviotdale
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Reddish brown exudate flowing from cracks in trunk, a result of systemic invasion by the bacterium.

Deep bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia 'Hartley')
PATHOGEN: Brenneria rubrifaciens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia rubrifaciens
SOURCE: B. Teviotdale
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Pits in the wood and black streaks in inner bark are key diagnostic symptoms.

Deep bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia)
PATHOGEN: Brenneria rubrifaciens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia rubrifaciens
SOURCE: N. Schaad, M. Schroth
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Removal of bark revealed pitted vascular tissues.

Deep bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia 'Hartley')
PATHOGEN: Brenneria rubrifaciens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia rubrifaciens
SOURCE: N. Schaad
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Dead limbs are characteristic of advanced stage of disease.

Deep bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia 'Hartley')
PATHOGEN: Brenneria rubrifaciens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia rubrifaciens
SOURCE: N. Schaad
DISEASE: European stone fruit yellows
HOST: Almond
The disease causes yellowing and rolling of leaves (right). Leaves become thick and rough in texture. Healthy leaves (left).

European stone fruit yellows | Almond
DISEASE: European stone fruit yellows
HOST: Almond (Prunus dulcis)
PATHOGEN: 'Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum'
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Phytoplasma Apple proliferation group
SOURCE: E. Seemueller