DISEASE: Bacterial blight
HOST: Hazelnut
Diseased young tree with discoloration of the cambium. Dieback of young twigs and branches is characteristic. Other typical symptoms are bud and twig necrosis and small, angular or round, water-soaked leaf spots.

Bacterial blight | Hazelnut
DISEASE: Bacterial blight
HOST: Hazelnut (Corylus americana)
PATHOGEN: Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina
SOURCE: J. Pscheidt
DISEASE: Bacterial soft rot
HOST: Wasabi (Japanese horseradish)
Longitudinal sections of diseased rhizomes with discolored vascular tissues.

Bacterial soft rot | Wasabi (Japanese horseradish)
DISEASE: Bacterial soft rot
HOST: Wasabi (Japanese horseradish) (Wasabia japonica)
PATHOGEN: Pectobacterium wasabiae
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia carotovora subsp. wasabiae
SOURCE: M. Goto
DISEASE: Bacterial soft rot
HOST: Wasabi (Japanese horseradish)
Longitudinal section of rhizome with discolored vascular bundles (left), and rhizome with external symptoms (right).

Bacterial soft rot | Wasabi (Japanese horseradish)
DISEASE: Bacterial soft rot
HOST: Wasabi (Japanese horseradish) (Wasabia japonica)
PATHOGEN: Pectobacterium wasabiae
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia carotovora subsp. wasabiae
SOURCE: M. Goto
DISEASE: Bacterial soft rot
HOST: Wasabi (Japanese horseradish)
Cross section of rhizome with dark, infected vascular bundles.

Bacterial soft rot | Wasabi (Japanese horseradish)
DISEASE: Bacterial soft rot
HOST: Wasabi (Japanese horseradish) (Wasabia japonica)
PATHOGEN: Pectobacterium wasabiae
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia carotovora subsp. wasabiae
SOURCE: G. Rodriguez
DISEASE: Brittle root
HOST: Horseradish
Dying, stunted, yellow to brown horseradish plants.

Brittle root | Horseradish
DISEASE: Brittle root
HOST: Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
PATHOGEN: Spiroplasma citri
SOURCE: C. Eastman, M. Davis
DISEASE: Brittle root
HOST: Horseradish
Close-up of stunted, yellow horseradish plants.

Brittle root | Horseradish
DISEASE: Brittle root
HOST: Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
PATHOGEN: Spiroplasma citri
SOURCE: D. Sherrod
DISEASE: Brittle root
HOST: Horseradish
Horseradish with discolored internal tissues. Healthy root segment (top right).

Brittle root | Horseradish
DISEASE: Brittle root
HOST: Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
PATHOGEN: Spiroplasma citri
SOURCE: J. Fletcher, M. Davis
DISEASE: Citrus stubborn disease
HOST: Citrus (sp. unknown)
Characteristic symptoms of thickened peel at peduncle end and aborted seeds.

Citrus stubborn disease | Citrus (sp. unknown)
DISEASE: Citrus stubborn disease
HOST: Citrus (sp. unknown) (Citrus sp.)
PATHOGEN: Spiroplasma citri
SOURCE: APS
DISEASE: Citrus stubborn disease
HOST: Citrus (Orange)
Severely stunted sweet orange tree. Foliage is dense and abnormally upright. Leaves may be cupped and unusually thick. They also may be chlorotic and mottled.

Citrus stubborn disease | Citrus (Orange)
DISEASE: Citrus stubborn disease
HOST: Citrus (Orange) (Citrus sinensis)
PATHOGEN: Spiroplasma citri
SOURCE: S. M. Garnsey