DISEASE: Bacterial canker
HOST: Hazelnut
Primary symptoms are failure of buds to break and withering and death of new foliage in spring. Dead leaves remain attached to limbs after normal leaf fall.

Bacterial canker | Hazelnut
DISEASE: Bacterial canker
HOST: Hazelnut (Corylus americana)
PATHOGEN: Pseudomonas syringae pv. avellanae
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Pseudomonas avellanae
SOURCE: P. Psalidas
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Reddish brown exudate flowing from longitudinal cracks in the trunk. Cankers are deep extending into wood.

Deep bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia 'Hartley')
PATHOGEN: Brenneria rubrifaciens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia rubrifaciens
SOURCE: B. Teviotdale
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Reddish brown exudate flowing from cracks in trunk, a result of systemic invasion by the bacterium.

Deep bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia 'Hartley')
PATHOGEN: Brenneria rubrifaciens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia rubrifaciens
SOURCE: B. Teviotdale
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Pits in the wood and black streaks in inner bark are key diagnostic symptoms.

Deep bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia)
PATHOGEN: Brenneria rubrifaciens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia rubrifaciens
SOURCE: N. Schaad, M. Schroth
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Removal of bark revealed pitted vascular tissues.

Deep bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia 'Hartley')
PATHOGEN: Brenneria rubrifaciens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia rubrifaciens
SOURCE: N. Schaad
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut
Dead limbs are characteristic of advanced stage of disease.

Deep bark canker | Walnut
DISEASE: Deep bark canker
HOST: Walnut (Juglans regia 'Hartley')
PATHOGEN: Brenneria rubrifaciens
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Erwinia rubrifaciens
SOURCE: N. Schaad
DISEASE: Goss's bacterial wilt and blight
HOST: Corn (Maize)
Wilted, dying plants. Leaves have gray to light yellow stripes and irregular margins that follow leaf veins. Systemically infected plants usually have orange vascular bundles.

Goss's bacterial wilt and blight | Corn (Maize)
DISEASE: Goss's bacterial wilt and blight
HOST: Corn (Maize) (Zea mays)
PATHOGEN: Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Corynebacterium nebraskense
SOURCE: A. Vidaver
DISEASE: Goss's bacterial wilt and blight
HOST: Corn (Maize)
The disease causes necrotic leaf lesions, which typically have dark flecks (freckles) within the lesions (not seen here).

Goss's bacterial wilt and blight | Corn (Maize)
DISEASE: Goss's bacterial wilt and blight
HOST: Corn (Maize) (Zea mays)
PATHOGEN: Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis
PATHOGEN SYNONYM: Corynebacterium nebraskense
SOURCE: A. Vidaver